But what you decide to do is up to you. Style guides differ on this question. Some do as we do, but some recommend omitting the hyphen in all cases, even in the compound adjective. Chicago doubts that hyphenation represents bias, but since the hyphen does not aid comprehension in such terms as those mentioned above, it may be omitted unless a particular publisher requires it. It is best avoided in all but historical contexts. But the next citation, from the Aug.
And the next citation, from the Jan. Ethnicity is something a person acquires or ascribes to and refers to a shared culture, such as language, practices, and beliefs. Further, consider carefully when deciding to identify a person by race. Use AP Stylebook guidance for examples of when race is pertinent.
Please send questions and suggestions for additions and changes to now uiowa. Source: Race Forward. No racial or ethnic slur should ever be included in content you create for any reason. You may consider an exception if your content is about this slur as in a research study examining use of the word or, possibly, if it is essential to your piece and is used in quotes. In this case, ensure that its use is absolutely necessary and that your source has approved the attribution of the slur s to them and that your supervisors and department have granted approval.
Use a broader term, like people of color , which refers to any person who is not white, especially in the U. Some feel the term is more appropriate than people of color because it acknowledges the varying levels of injustice experienced by different groups. However, if you are talking about a specific racial or ethnic group, name that specific group rather than generalizing to all people of color. This is especially important when discussing Black people. Skip to main content. Forged from a partnership between a university press and a library, Project MUSE is a trusted part of the academic and scholarly community it serves.
Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Without cookies your experience may not be seamless. Institutional Login. LOG IN. American Speech. In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: American Speech Similarly, if you go to the Wikipedia article for "African Americans," that noun phrase is not hyphenated, and the end of the first paragraph says "As a compound adjective the term is usually hyphenated as African-American.
But what about that " usually "? The truth is, there is not a consensus on this. In fact, one of the most important grammar reference books in America--the Chicago Manual of Style--says that you should not use a hyphen in either case, noun or adjective.
Their rule for proper nouns and adjectives is " Open [not hyphenated] in both noun and adjective forms, unless the first term is a prefix or unless between is implied. Not everyone likes this! But the Chicago Manual of Style is sticking with it.
Someone said "I maintain that the examples 'African-American,' 'Asian-American,' and even 'Native-American' or as I prefer, American-Indian are all compound proper nouns and must be hyphenated. They are not merely Americans who happen to be African, but rather African-Americans--a distinct ethnic and cultural group. Irrefutable logic? Chicago Manual's response: "I don't see any logic in requiring the hyphenation of compound proper nouns when they are used as adjectives.
In fact, because they are capitalized, there is no need for additional bells and whistles to signal that they belong together: Rocky Mountain trails, New Hampshire maple syrup, SpongeBob SquarePants lunchbox. Which one should you use, then? I asked myself this when I wanted to create a category for unconnected profiles of African Americans.
Initially I felt like there should not be a hyphen for the adjective, but I did a quick google search to make sure I was right, and I was very surprised to see the top result say that I should use a hyphen. Then I found the Chicago Manual of Style's very comprehensive rebuttal of that, and I felt far more comfortable with their version.
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